Sunday, 24 March 2013

Anthropomorphism


Hades and Persephone
 
 
When looking at anthropomorphism in relation to Hades, one struggles to find a symbol or a human attribute that we can atone to this God.  When looking at a god as such a Zeus we can find a clear symbol that is well known to many people as being a lightning bolt.  Hades does not carry this attribute; he is represented with a Cerberus a three headed dog which is said to be the animal that guards the gates of the underworld.  Hades is also pictured with a sceptre, crown and a key.  Just as both his brothers Zeus and Position he has his own chariot. When can recognise Hades by looking at the vase painting of “The Palace of Hades” which is situated in the Antikensammlungen Museum in Munich, Germany; It is a red figure painted vase which is said to be dated late classical to early Hellenistic in the period, it depicts the palace of Hades. This image shows Orpheus journey to the underworld, it shows Hades sitting on his throne holding his sceptre and wearing his crown. These characteristics as mentioned above that are clearly linked with the image of Hades. To the right of Hades, Persephone is also present which is also another indication that it figure on the vase is Hades because of the myth of the rape of Persephone. 
"The palace of Hades"

Another way we can link these attributes just as through images like the vase painting is by looking at the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. ‘There it was that the Lord who receives many guests made his lunge.  He was riding on a chariot drawn by immortal horses. The son of Kronos.The one known by many names.  He seized her against her will, put her on his golden chariot, and drove away as she wept. ‘(Homeric Hymn lines 16-21)

The description that Hymn portrays, is that Hades is being pulled along by the immortal horse. There is also mention of him being the son of Kronos ; these are clearly attributes that we could connect with Hades when it came to the concept of anthropomorphism. The problem that we have in this case, we could see these connections with both Zeus and Poseidon; they are both sons of Kronos as they are all brothers.  As I discussed in my early post about the three gods being as one, but the concept is that Zeus’s chariot, lightning bolt and Poseidon’s attributes to his Trident.  Hades is considering to be recognised simply by refereeing him to the guarding of the underworld, as he is seen as a chthonian god there is again this point of Hades being constantly overlooked.  We as scholars have given these gods attributes that we can relate them too ourselves. 

As it is shown that Hades did not need to take form of another human being, thus one must ask the question of why? Why mythology has seem not to have any reference when it comes to Hades and Anthropomorphism.  When it comes to the role of the Hades we seem to concentrate heavily on the abduction of Persephone, and the concept that he is the keeper of the underworld. It is said that he is the personification of the underworld itself sometimes when refereeing to Hades. An article form the department of classical studies mentions this about Hades; ‘Hades is in fact far more commonly mentioned as the underworld than as a personified god in Greek literature, although we do see him as an actual character in some myths, most famously in the story of the abduction of Persesphone by Hades, a tale told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter.’(http://www.classics.uwaterloo.ca/labyrinth_old/issue90/DeathLabyrinth.pdf: Last accessed 24/03/2013) In this article it argues that we read more literature where Hades is a character because of the stories of mythology. We rarely read in Mythology about Hades being a personification of the underworld this could be an example of how the Ancient Greek’s viewed Hades as a more humanised character rather than a personification. This would give him more an element of anthropomorphism because of the mythology that we have views him as an individual character rather than a personification.

Bibliography

Online Sources

Figure 1: The Palace of Hades: http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/K14.1.html last accessed: 24/03/13

Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Translated by: Gregory Nancy. http://www.uh.edu/~cldue/texts/demeter.html. Last accessed: 24/03/2013

Online article department of Classical Studies: http://www.classics.uwaterloo.ca/labyrinth_old/issue90/DeathLabyrinth.pdf last accessed: 24/03/2013

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